Microbes are tiny living organisms like bacteria, fungi, yeast, and viruses, which can be found on every surface, even our skin. There is an ever-growing body of research associated with the beneficial impacts microorganisms have on human skin. Though we think of microbes primarily in relation to infection or disease, a great deal of literature highlights the fundamental role these microorganisms have in skin health. Not only do microbes assist in maintaining the skin barrier, they also control inflammation and help ward off dangerous pathogens. The skin and microbes relationship is commonly known as skin microbiome.
The Skin Microbiome: An Introduction
Human skin as the largest organ is host to trillions of microbes which together build an ecosystem. Living in symbiosis with human skin, these microbes together form a balanced microbiome. It also includes login supporting, viruses, mites, archaea, fungi and bacteria. All these organisms live in a fragile balance and each of them is essential for the well-being of the skin. This balance may differ from one person to the other, but it serves as a foundation for skin health.
The microbial communities grouped according to the regions of the skin they live: oily regions (forehead,chest and back regions,” as well as “moist areas like the armpits and groin, and breast region” as well as the “dry” forearms and shins. These distinct regions maintain a different microbiome that is influenced by pH, temperature, humidity, and oil secretion.
1. Protection Against Pathogen:
Disease in the Body Microorganisms on the skin can entirely change the complexion and health of your skin, but their main concern should always be prevention – from diabolical bacteria, fungi, viruses, and any other manifesting threats patiently waiting to wreck havoc. Blessing: The beneficial bacteria that reside on the skin are fighting against pathogenic microorganisms and make sure to eliminate any harmful bacteria from infesting your body. This “war” diminishes the chances of infections, irritation of the skin, or inflammatory skin failures like acne and eczema. Take Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal bacteria found on the skin, for example. It creates antimicrobial peptides to command hostile bacteria from multiplying on one’s skin.
2. Prevention of skin Barrier function:
Ethically questionable substances like chemicals, allergens, and microorganisms can be lethal if allowed into the body, but worry not for the skin’s toughest layer, the stratum corneum, comes valiantly to the rescue. The skin’s finest layer like most body parts needs outside help in the form of microbes – and the aid in question will build fat that supports the skin and fortifies the defenses of the skin. Some bacteria like Cutibacterium acnes, previously known as Propionibacterium acnes.These microbes also help in moderating the skin’s pH, which is important for the skin environment’s health. A mildly acidic pH (between 4.5 and 5.5) is beneficial in protecting and preserving the skin microbiome’s structure.
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3. Control of Inflammation:
Microbes found on the skin surface are also important in the moderation of immune responses and inflammation. A microbiome in balance is vital for tolerance of immune activity and for the avoidance of excessive immune attack activities, which would bring sickness such as acne, psoriasis, and rosacea. When the skin microbiome suffers damage, which is referred to as dysbiosis, pathogenic microbes can dominate and provoke infection and increased inflammation. For instance, excess amounts of Cutibacterium acnes can lead to inflammation and acne. On the other hand, moderate proportions of such bacteria may suppress inflammation thus calming the skin and preventing irritation.
4. Healing of a Wound:
recent studies indicate that microorganisms may assist with the skin’s ability to recover from wounds. Some microbes, especially certain types of bacteria found in the skin microbiome like Staphylococcus epidermidis, are known to aid in wound healing through tissue repair facilitation and infection suppression. An intact microbiome may help control inflammation caused by the injury, thus improving the rate at which it heals.
